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Exam-Style Questions.Problems adapted from questions set for previous Mathematics exams. |
1. | IB Studies |
The heights of palm trees along a beach are normally distributed with a mean of 4.55m and a standard deviation of 0.37m.
(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen tree has a height greater than 4.55m.
(b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen tree will be within 2 standard deviations of the mean. Give your answer as an integer percentage.
(c) Use your graphic display calculator to calculate the probability that a randomly chosen tree will have a height greater than 4m.
(d) The probability that a particular tree is less than \(x\) metres tall is 0.75. Find the value of \(x\).
2. | IB Studies |
A group of students sat a Biology examination and a Computer Studies examination. The students' marks in the Biology examination are normally distributed with a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 9.
(a) Draw a diagram that shows this information.
(b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen student who sat the Biology examination scored at most 70 marks.
Eric scored 82 marks in the Biology examination.
(c) Find the probability that a randomly chosen student who sat the Biology examination scored more than Eric.
The students' marks in the Computer Studies examination are normally distributed with a mean of 68 and a standard deviation of 11. Eric also scored 82 marks in the Computer Studies examination.
(d) Find the probability that a randomly chosen candidate who sat the Computer Studies examination scored less than Eric.
(e) Determine whether Eric's Computer Studies mark, compared to the other students, is better than his mark in Biology. Give a reason for your answer.
To obtain a grade A a student must be in the top 12% of the students who sat the Computer Studies examination.
(f) Find the minimum possible mark to obtain a grade A. Give your answer correct to the nearest integer.
3. | IB Analysis and Approaches |
The time in minutes taken to drive through a city at different times of the day can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean of 45 and standard deviation of 12. A commuter will be late for work if it takes more than an hour to drive through the city.
(a) Find the probability that the commuter is late for work.
(b) Estimate the number of days on which the commuter was late from random sample of 100 days.
(c) Given that the commuter is not late, find the probability that the cross-city journey took less than 25 minutes.
4. | IB Analysis and Approaches |
The heights, H metres, of flowers called Xylothorn Blooms growing in the dense forests of Verdantem on the luminous planet Aurorion can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean 14.3 metres and standard deviation 3.9 metres.
(a) One of the flowers is selected at random. Find the probability that its height more than 15.5 metres.
According to this model, 40% of the flowers have a height between \(x\) metres and 15.5 metres.
(b) Find the probability that a randomly selected flower has a height less than \(x\) metres.
(c) Find the value of \(x\).
(d) Ten flowers are selected at random.
Find the probability that no more than two of the flowers has a height less than \(x\) metres.
5. | IB Standard |
A random variable \(X\) is normally distributed with \(\mu=250\) and \(\sigma=25\).
Find the interquartile range of \(X\).
6. | IB Standard |
The weights in grams of 98 mice are shown in the cumulative frequency diagram. The heaviest mouse weighted 160g.
(a) Write down the median weight of the mice.
(b) Find the percentage of mice that weigh 70 grams or less.
The same data is presented in the following table.
| Weights w grams | 0 < w ≤ 40 | 40 < w ≤ 80 | 80 < w ≤ 120 | 120 < w ≤ 160 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | p | 63 | q | 3 |
(c) Find the value of p.
(d) Find the value of q.
(e) Use the values from the table to estimate the mean and standard deviation of the weights.
A second batch of mice are normally distributed with the same mean and standard deviation as those of the first group mentioned above.
(f) Find the percentage of the second batch of mice that weigh 70 grams or less.
(g) A sample of five mice is chosen at random from the second batch. Find the probability that at most three mice weigh 70 grams or less.
7. | IB Standard |
Mr Willis goes to school (he's a Maths teacher) five times each week during term time. On any given day, the probability that he goes on an orange bus is \( \frac13 \).
(a) Write down the expected number of times that Mr Willis goes to work at his school on an orange bus in one week.
In one week, find the probability that he goes to work on an orange bus
(b) on exactly three days;
(c) on at least two days.
8. | IB Standard |
A small digital storage manufacturer makes novelty USB drives which are given away at conferences. The probability that a drive is defective is 0.03. The factory tests a random sample of 200 drives.
(a) Find the mean number of defective drives in the sample.
(b) Find the probability that there are exactly ten defective drives in the sample.
(c) Find the probability that there is at least one defective drive in the sample.
9. | IB Analysis and Approaches |
The probability of winning a gold coin in a game of chance is 0.6. The game is played six times. Find the probability of winning:
(a) at least two gold coins;
(b) a fourth gold coin on the sixth game.
10. | IB Applications and Interpretation |
Bostock and Chandler play one game of Ultimate Noughts and Crosses online each day they are in quarantine.
The probability that Bostock wins a game is three times the probability that Chandler wins a game. It is not possible to have a draw.
(a) Find the probability that on any given day Bostock will win the game.
The quarantine lasts for 30 days.
(b) Find the probability the Bostock will win 20 times.
(c) Find the probability Chandler will win at most 9 times.
11. | IB Standard |
The weights of players in a sports league are normally distributed with a mean of 75.2 kg, (correct to three significant figures). It is known that 75% of the players have weights between 67 kg and 80 kg. The probability that a player weighs less than 67 kg is 0.05.
(a) Find the probability that a player weighs more than 80 kg.
(b) Write down the standardized value, z, for 67 kg.
(c) Hence, find the standard deviation of weights.
To take part in a tournament, a player's weight must be within 1.5 standard deviations of the mean.
(d) Find the set of all possible weights of players that take part in the tournament.
(e) A player is selected at random. Find the probability that the player takes part in the tournament.
Of the players in the league, 22% are women. Of the women, 60% take part in the tournament.
(f) Given that a player selected at random takes part in the tournament, find the probability that the selected player is a woman.
12. | IB Standard |
Eels are elongated fish, ranging in length from 5cm to 4m. In a certain lake the length of the eels are normally distributed with a mean of 84cm and a standard deviation of 18cm. Eels are classified as giant eels if they are more than 120 cm long.
An eel is selected at random from the lake.
(a) Find the probability that this eel is a giant.
(b) Given that this eel is a giant, find the probability that it is longer than 130cm.
(c) Two eels are selected at random. Find the probability that they are both giants.
100 eels are selected at random.
(d) Find the expected number of these eels that are giants.
(e) Find the probability that at least 5 of these eels are giants.
13. | IB Analysis and Approaches |
The length, \(X\) minutes , of a certain category of online video is normally distributed with a mean of 28.
The probability that \(X\) is less than 20 is 0.213.
(a) Find \(P(20 \lt X \lt 28)\).
(b) Find the standard deviation of \(X\).
(c) Hence, find the probability that a video selected at random from this category lasts longer than 33 minutes
A random sample of 12 videos from this category are downloaded.
(d) How many of these videos could be expected to last longer than 33 minutes?
(e) Find the probability that exactly two of these videos last longer than 33 minutes.
(f) A video selected at random from the complete online collection of videos in this category has a running time of less than 20 minutes. Find the probability that its length is between ten and fifteen minutes.
14. | IB Standard |
At the south end of Playfair Amusement park are two games of chance, Beat The Goalie and Basketball Bounce.
For the Goalie game, the probability of winning is 0.1. If someone plays this game nine times:
(a) Find the probability that they win exactly three times.
For the Basketball game, the probability of winning is \(x\). If someone plays it nine times.
(b) Write down an ex
(c) Hence, find the values of \(x\) such that the probability of winning exactly three games is 0.2.
15. | IB Analysis and Approaches |
The random variable X follows a normal distribution with mean \(\mu\) and standard deviation \(\sigma\).
(a) Find \( P(\mu - 1.25\sigma \lt X \lt \mu + 1.25\sigma) \).
The pineapples grown on a farm in Thailand have weights, in grams, that are normally distributed with mean \(\mu\) and standard deviation \(\sigma\). Pineapples are categorised as tiny, regular, super or giant, according to their weight. The following table shows the probability a pineapple grown on the farm is classified tiny, regular, super or giant.
| Size | Tiny | Regular | Super | Giant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probability | 0.08 | 0.72 | 0.16 | 0.04 |
The maximum weight of a tiny pineapple is 895 grams.
The minimum weight of a giant pineapple is 1804 grams.
(b) Find the values of \(\mu\) and \(\sigma\).
One season a wholesaler purchased all the regular, super and giant pineapples from the farm.
Find the probability that a pineapple chosen at random from this purchase is categorized as
(c) regular.
(d) super.
(e) giant.
The wholesaler sells the pineapples at the following prices:
| Size | Regular | Super | Giant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Price | 40 ฿ | 60 ฿ | 80 ฿ |
The wholesaler pays the farm 8000 ฿ for the pineapples and assumes it will then sell them in exactly the same proportion as purchased from the farm.
(f) Find the minimum number of pineapples that must be sold so that the net profit for the supermarket is at least 4000 ฿.
16. | IB Standard |
The length of Costlow's bâtard bread loaves in centimetres is normally distributed with mean \( \mu \). The following table shows probabilities for values of \(L\).
| Length (\(L\)) | \(L \lt 30\) | \(30 \le L \le 42\) | \(L \gt 42\) |
|---|---|---|---|
| P(X) | 0.07 | 0.86 | \(k\) |
(a) Calculate the value of \(k\).
(b) Show that \( \mu \) = 36.
(c) Find P(\(L \gt 39\)).
The loaves are displayed in baskets of twelve. Any loaves with a length less than 31cm are classified as short.
(d) Find the probability that a basket of loaves selected at random contains at most one loaf that is short.
(e) Each Costlow supermarket has 40 baskets of loaves. One of the Costlow supermarkets is selected at random. Find the expected number of baskets in this supermarket that contain at most one loaf that is too short.
(f) Find the probability that at least 28 baskets in this supermarket contain at most one loaf that is too short.
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